He leant back in his chair

1 ( di essere umano, anat. e fig.) schiena; dorso; spalle (pl.): to be lying on one's back essere sdraiato sulla schiena; essere supino; My back hurts, mi fa male la schiena; He was shot in the back, gli hanno sparato alla schiena; at my back, alle mie spalle; dietro di me; back pains, dolori di schiena

2 ( di animale) groppa; groppone; dorso

3 ( di cosa) retro; dietro; dorso; rovescio; tergo; (di sedia, ecc.) schienale; (di locale, veicolo) parte posteriore, fondo: DIALOGO → - Booking online- Can you see okay from the back?, si vede bene dal fondo?; ( di libro) ultime pagine, fondo: the back of a building, la facciata posteriore di un edificio; the back of a hand, il dorso di una mano; the back of an envelope, il retro di una busta; the back of a knife, il dorso di un coltello; the back of a lorry, la parte posteriore di un camion; at the back of ( USA in back of), dietro (a); nel (o sul) retro di; at the back of the shop, nel retro del negozio: DIALOGO → - Clothes 2- The changing room is at the back of the shop on the right, il camerino è in fondo al negozio sulla destra; (fam. GB) round the back, sul retro ( di un edificio)

4 ( calcio, hockey, ecc.) difensore; terzino: ( rugby) the backs, i tre quarti; la difesa; la terza linea

5 (al pl.) – the Backs, i prati dietro ai college (di Cambridge, che scendono al fiume Cam)

● back-breaking, massacrante; che spezza la schiena; che stronca □ ( nuoto) back crawl, dorso □ the back of the head (o of the neck), la nuca □ the back of the mouth, il retrobocca □ back to back (avv.), back-to-back (agg.), schiena contro schiena; dorso a dorso; addossati; (spec. USA) in successione, uno di seguito all'altro, consecutivi □ (fin.) back-to-back credit, credito sussidiario (o controcredito) □ (GB) back to front, con il davanti dietro; al contrario; alla rovescia; a rovescio; (fig.) da cima a fondo, alla perfezione, a menadito: to put on one's jumper back to front, mettersi il golf al contrario; to know st. back to front, sapere qc. a menadito □ at the back of one's mind, a livello semiconsapevole; in qualche punto della memoria: I heard a little voice at the back of my mind, sentii una vocina dentro di me; I've always had this notion in the back of my mind, è un'idea che mi sono sempre portato dietro; to push a thought to the back of one's mind, allontanare un pensiero □ (fig.) at sb. 's back, a sostegno di q.; dietro a q.: He has the whole party at his back, ha dietro di sé tutto il partito □ (fam.) at (o in, to) the back of beyond, lontanissimo; in capo al mondo; in un posto sperduto; a casa del diavolo (fam.) □ (fig.) behind sb. 's back, alle spalle di q.; all'insaputa di q.; di nascosto a q.: They're laughing at me behind my back, ridono alle mie spalle; mi ridono dietro; They decided it behind my back, l'hanno deciso a mia insaputa □ to get sb. 's back up = to put sb.'s back up ► sotto □ (fam.) to get sb. off sb. 's back, togliere q. di dosso a q.; levare q. di torno a q. □ (fam.) to get off sb. 's back, smettere di asfissiare q.; lasciar respirare q. □ (fam.) to have one's back to the wall, essere con le spalle al muro; essere alle corde □ to live off sb. 's back, vivere alle spalle di q. □ to be on one's back, essere malato; essere costretto a letto; (fig.) essere ridotto male ( vinto, indifeso, ecc.) □ (fam.) to be on sb. 's back, asfissiare q.; non lasciar respirare q.; stare addosso a q. □ to put one's back into st., impegnarsi a fondo in qc.; mettersi sotto di buzzo buono; mettercela tutta; darci dentro (fam.) □ to put sb. 's back up, irritare q.; indispettire q.; far arrabbiare q. □ to see the back of sb., togliersi di torno q.; levarsi dai piedi q. □ to turn one's back, volgere le spalle ( fuggendo) □ to turn one's back on sb., voltare le spalle a q.; piantare in asso q. □ to turn one's back on st., voltare le spalle a qc.; (fig.) rifiutare ( un lavoro, ecc.) □ Watch your back (with…)!, sta' attento (a…)!; non ti fidare (di…)! □ when sb. 's back is turned, quando q. non vede; mentre q. è distratto □ (fig.) with one's back to the wall, con le spalle al muro.

1 posteriore; di dietro; sul retro; sul fondo: back door, porta sul retro; porta di servizio; back garden, giardino sul retro; back legs, zampe posteriori; the back rows, le file in fondo; le ultime file; (autom.) back seat, sedile posteriore; back shop, retrobottega

2 in posizione arretrata; secondario; fuori mano: back road, strada secondaria ( di campagna); back street, via secondaria; stradina; vicolo

3 remoto, lontano ( nel tempo)

4 arretrato: back issue, numero arretrato (di giornale, ecc.); back orders, ordinativi arretrati; ordinazioni inevase; back pay, paga arretrata; arretrati ( di salario o stipendio); back taxes, imposte arretrate

5 all'indietro; a rovescio; contrario; di rimando; di ritorno: back current, flusso contrario; ( sport) back dive, tuffo all'indietro; ( sport) back pass, passaggio all'indietro; retropassaggio

6 (fon.) velare; gutturale

● back alley, vicolo ( sul retro di un edificio o tra due edifici) □ back-alley (agg.), clandestino; illegale □ (in GB) back bench, seggio della Camera dei Comuni non nella prima fila ( occupato da un semplice deputato); (al pl., per estens.) deputati, parlamentari: the Tory back benches, i (seggi dei) deputati conservatori □ back-bencher ► backbencher □ (GB) back-boiler, caldaia installata nel focolare di un camino ( come elemento di una caldaia retrostante) □ back catalogue, ( di casa discografica) catalogo dei dischi disponibili; ( di casa editrice) catalogo delle opere disponibili □ ( USA) back country, entroterra rurale ( scarsamente popolato) □ back-door (agg.), nascosto; occulto; di soppiatto; surrettizio; subdolo; disonesto; illecito: back-door tax rise, aumento fiscale occulto; back-door methods, metodi subdoli; metodi disonesti; ( USA) back-door man, amante ( di donna sposata) □ back end, parte posteriore; estremità posteriore; fondo; (fam.) posteriore, didietro; parte finale ( di un periodo di tempo); (fig.) aspetto che non si vede: the back end of the year, l'ultima parte dell'anno □ back-end (agg.), finale; conclusivo; (comput.) back-end (applicazione dedicata alla gestione di una risorsa, a supporto di servizi front-end) □ (fin.) back-end load, spese di riscatto; commissione di uscita □ (ling.) back-formation, retroformazione □ (naut.) back freight, nolo di ritorno; soprannolo □ ( calcio, ecc.) back heel, colpo di tacco ( all'indietro) □ ( sport) back line, linea di fondo □ back lot ► backlot □ ( sport, GB) back- marker, ultimo ( in una gara); fanalino di coda (scherz.) □ (fam.) back number, numero arretrato (di giornale, ecc.); (fig.) persona di idee arretrate, cosa fuori moda □ (mecc.) back nut, dado di tenuta □ (fin.) back office, uffici amministrativi, back office (in una società di servizi finanziari, gli uffici che non vengono in contatto con il pubblico) □ (eufem. GB) back passage, retto; ano □ (mecc.) back pressure, contropressione; spinta di perforazione □ (cinem.) back projection, proiezione per trasparente; trasparente □ back room, stanza sul retro; sala interna ( di club, ecc.); (fig.) centro decisionale occulto □ back-room (agg.), dietro le quinte; segreto; occulto: back-room deal, accordo segreto; back-room boy, chi lavora dietro le quinte; ricercatore, scienziato ( impegnato in un lavoro segreto) □ ( oceanografia) back rush, massimo del riflusso □ back-seat driver, (autom.) passeggero pronto a dare consigli sul modo di guidare; (fig.) persona sempre pronta a dare consigli, consigliere non richiesto □ (GB) back shift, secondo turno (di lavoro) □ back slang, gergo nel quale le parole vengono pronunciate a ritroso (per es. ynnep per penny) □ ( sport, GB) back straight, dirittura opposta a quella di arrivo □ back-street (agg.), clandestino; illegale: back-street abortion, aborto clandestino □ (fam. USA) back talk, risposte (pl.) impertinenti (a un genitore, un superiore) □ on the back burner ► burner □ (fig.) to take a back seat, accettare un posto (o un ruolo) di secondo piano; stare nell'ombra □ (fig.) through (o by) the back door, surrettiziamente; di soppiatto; per la porta di servizio; illecitamente; con metodi disonesti.

1 indietro; all'indietro; in senso contrario; a ritroso: to look back, guardare indietro; voltarsi a guardare; to move back, farsi indietro; retrocedere; to send back, mandare indietro; rimandare; He leant back in his chair, si è appoggiato allo schienale della sedia; I bent the tube back, piegai il tubo in senso contrario

2 addietro; prima; fa; or sono; indietro: a few years back, alcuni anni prima; alcuni anni fa; some time back, qualche tempo prima; qualche tempo fa; to go back a few years, tornare indietro di qualche anno; risalire a qualche anno addietro; to go back in time, risalire nel tempo; back in 1980, nel 1980; back in the last century, nel secolo scorso

3 nel posto (o nella condizione) di prima; al proprio posto; di nuovo; di ritorno: Put it back!, rimettilo al suo posto!; Back to your seats!, tornate ai vostri posti!; It takes an hour there and back, ci vuole un'ora per andare là e tornare; DIALOGO → - Shoes- I'll be back in just a moment, sarò di ritorno in un attimo; DIALOGO → - Absence 3- He'll be back on Monday, torna lunedì; We are back to where we started, siamo tornati al punto di partenza; to be back to normal, tornare normale; normalizzarsi; I put my shoes back on, mi rimisi le scarpe; back from school, di ritorno da scuola; back home, a casa; da noi; nel nostro paese; in patria; back in Italy, in Italia; da noi in Italia; back in fashion, di nuovo di moda

4 di nuovo di moda: Knee boots are back, gli stivali sono tornati (o sono di nuovo) di moda

5 a propria volta; in cambio; in restituzione: to answer back, rispondere; ribattere; to give back, restituire; ridare; dare indietro; to look back at sb., restituire lo sguardo a q.; to pay back, ripagare; restituire; to write back to sb., rispondere alla lettera di q.

6 ( sport USA) sotto: We are ten points back, siamo sotto di cinque punti

● as far back as I can remember, da quando ne ho memoria □ back and forth, avanti e indietro; su e giù □ back from, discosto da: back from the road, discosto dalla strada □ ( USA) back of, dietro (a) □ (fam.) to be back to square one, essere di nuovo (o essere tornato, ritrovarsi) al punto di partenza □ back-to-nature (agg.), naturistico; ecologico; biologico □ back-to-work injunction, ingiunzione di riprendere il lavoro.

A v. t.

1 far indietreggiare; far retrocedere; far rinculare; (autom.) far fare retromarcia a: to back one's horse, far rinculare il cavallo; to back one's car, fare retromarcia; to back the car into the garage, entrare nel garage in retromarcia

2 appoggiare; dare il proprio appoggio a; sostenere; spalleggiare: to back a candidate, appoggiare un candidato

3 sostenere finanziariamente; finanziare; to back a scheme, finanziare un progetto

4 corroborare; sostanziare: to back one's argument with facts, corroborare la propria tesi con dei fatti

5 (comm., leg.) avallare; garantire: to back a bill, avallare una cambiale

6 puntare su; scommettere su: to back a winner, puntare su un cavallo vincente ( anche fig.)

7 (generalm. al passivo) foderare; rinforzare

8 (mus.) accompagnare (un cantante, un solista): a male singer backed by a female quartet, un cantante accompagnato da un quartetto di voci femminili

9 fare da sfondo a; essere sullo sfondo di: the hills that back the village, le colline sullo sfondo del paese

10 (naut.) pennellare, appennellare ( l'ancora)

11 (naut.) mettere a collo, accollare ( una vela)

B v. i.

1 indietreggiare; retrocedere; rinculare; (autom.) fare retromarcia, procedere a marcia indietro: to back out of, uscire a ritroso (o rinculando) da; uscire a marcia indietro da; to back into a lane, entrare in un vicolo a marcia indietro; I backed into a stationary car, facendo retromarcia ho urtato contro un'auto ferma

2 ( del vento) girare in senso antiorario

3 – to back onto, ( di edificio) affacciarsi (o dare) sul retro su; avere sul retro: The hotel backs onto the railway, il retro dell'albergo dà sulla ferrovia

● to back and fill, (naut.) mettere a collo e far servire le vele; (fig.) essere indeciso, tentennare, vacillare □ (leg.) to back a warrant, rendere esecutivo un mandato ( del giudice di un'altra contea) □ to back water, (naut.) sciare; (fig.) fare marcia indietro □ (naut.) to back the oars, sciare □ (fig.) to back the wrong horse, puntare sul cavallo perdente.

bra

brønn

frisk

god

sjakt

subst. \/wel\/

1) brønn, (boret) kilde

• they drove a well

• she's by the oil-well

2) (gammeldags, poetisk) (naturlig) kilde, vannkilde

• it's a holy well

• she's a well of knowledge

3) trappeoppgang, trapperom, heissjakt, lyssjakt

4) ( til væske) fordypning, hull, dump

5) blekkhus

6) (britisk, jus) forklaring: sted i rettsalen der advokatene sitter

7) ( sjøfart) (fiske)brønn, fiskekasse, fiskekum

cap a well lukke en (olje)brønn

the well of English undefiled forklaring: benevnelse på Chaucers diktverk, noe av den eldste litteraturen i England

Wells ( spesielt i stedsnavn) forklaring: sted der det er mineralkilder

• he went to Tunbridge Wells

subst. \/wel\/

1) vel

• I wish her well

2) frisk

• I trust she is well

leave\/let well alone eller leave\/let well enough alone (amer.) la det være med det, det er bra (nok) som det er

the well de friske

• they help the sick and the well

verb \/wel\/

strømme, velle

well forth velle frem, strømme frem

well forth from velle frem fra

well out velle frem, velle ut, strømme frem, strømme ut

well out from velle ut fra, strømme ut fra

well out of velle ut fra, velle ut av, strømme ut fra, strømme ut av

well over renne over

well up velle frem, strømme frem, velle opp

• strong feelings welled up in him

• tears welled up in his eyes

adj. \/wel\/

1) frisk, bra

• he's not quite well

• he's not a well man

2) bra, godt, vel, god

• all is well with us

• it was well that you were there

• it was well for you that nobody saw you

• all is not well in the world nowadays

• that's all very well

• it's all very well but I am done

• it's all very well for you to say

• it would be well to inquire

• he is all very well in his way but...

• we're very well where we are

all's well ( militærvesen eller sjøfart) alt vel

all's well that ends well når enden er god, er allting godt

be well in with komme godt overens med

• he's well in with his boss

be well without klare seg bra uten, kunne avse

just as well like (så) bra

make well bote, kurere

adv. ( better - best) \/wel\/

1) vel, bra, godt

• as the author well says

• he thinks well of me

• it all went well

• he carries his years well

• he loves me well

• well played!

• she's well pleased

• you're well out of it

2) nøye, grundig, ordentlig, godt, skikkelig

• examine the bill well before you pay

3) nok, med rette, med god grunn

• it might well be said that it's not true

• it may well be that it is true

• I can well believe it

4) langt, betydelig, et godt stykke

• he leant well back in his chair

• he was well into his sixties

• he's well advanced in years

• she's well passed sixty

as well også, dessuten, likeledes, til og med

• she gave me clothes as well

(like) gjerne, like godt

• you may as well stay

• you might as well put in a word for us

as well as så vel som, både...og

• she gave me clothes as well as food

• it was a sickness long as well as severe

like bra som

• he plays as well as I

• as well as help me, she also continued her work

as well one might som naturlig er, naturlig nok

• she got furious as well she might

be well off være velsituert, ha mye penger ha det bra, være uten bekymringer, være heldig

• he doesn't know when he's well off

• I'm very well off for clothes

be well up in\/on something vite en del om noe

come off well gå bra, lykkes, ha stor fremgang

• the affair came off well

• she came off well

• he came off well at school

just as well like gjerne, like godt

• you might just as well have stayed

marry well gjøre et godt parti

pretty well praktisk talt, nesten

• he sleeps pretty well all the time

very well meget bra, utmerket, fortreffelig

• he can't sing very well

• you can very well do that

• I can very well understand that

• she couldn't (very) well refuse

well and truly ordentlig, virkelig, med rette

• he was well and truly beaten

well away (britisk, hverdagslig) på god vei borte vekk (av søvn), sluknet, veldig full

well on ( irsk) god og full, godt på gli

well on in life tilårskommen

well on into langt inne i, på god vei inn i

• she kept on writing well on into the 19th century

interj. \/wel\/

nå, vel, nåja, nåvel

• well, here we are at last!

• well, but what about Jones?

• well, you may be right!

very well OK

very well then! da så!

well, I declare! eller well, I never! det er det verste jeg har hørt!, jeg har aldri hørt\/sett på maken!

well, it can't be helped! nåvel, det er ikke noe å gjøre med det!

well, really! det må jeg si!

well, then? og så da?

well, the next day arrived jaja, tiden gikk allikevel videre

well then, what do you say? nå, hva sier du!

well, there he is! der er han!

well, well! nå!, ja, ja!, ser man det!

well, who would have thought it? hvem hadde vel trodd det?

lean¹ [li:n] ( British pt & pp leaned or leant [lent], American pt & pp leaned)

1 transitive verb

(a) (prop → ladder, bicycle) appuyer;

∎ he leant the ladder/bike (up) against the tree il appuya l'échelle/le vélo contre un arbre

(b) (rest → head, elbows) appuyer;

∎ to lean one's elbows on sth s'accouder à qch;

∎ she leant her head on his shoulder elle posa sa tête sur son épaule

(c) (incline) pencher;

∎ to lean one's head to one side pencher ou incliner la tête

2 intransitive verb

(be on incline) pencher, s'incliner;

∎ she/a ladder was leaning (up) against the wall elle/une échelle était appuyée contre le mur;

∎ he was leaning with his back to or against the wall il était adossé au mur;

∎ she leant down to speak to me elle s'est penchée pour me parler;

∎ to lean in through the window pencher la tête par la fenêtre;

∎ lean on my arm appuyez-vous ou prenez appui sur mon bras;

∎ she was leaning with her elbows on the window sill elle était accoudée à la fenêtre

lean² [li:n]

1 noun

(a) (slope) inclinaison f

(b) (meat) maigre m

2 adjective

(a) (animal, meat) maigre; (person → thin) maigre; (→ slim) mince;

∎ figurative the company is now fitter and leaner than it was before l'entreprise se porte mieux depuis que sa structure a été allégée

(b) (poor → harvest) maigre, pauvre; (→ period of time) difficile;

∎ we had a lean time nous avons eu une période de vaches maigres

(c) (deficient → ore, mixture) pauvre

➲ lean back

1 separable transitive verb

pencher en arrière;

∎ to lean one's head back pencher ou renverser la tête en arrière;

∎ to lean one's chair back pencher sa chaise en arrière

2 intransitive verb

(a) (person) se pencher en arrière;

∎ he leaned back against the wall il s'est adossé au mur;

∎ don't lean back on your chair! ne te balance pas sur ta chaise!;

∎ he leaned back in his armchair il s'est renversé dans son fauteuil

(b) (chair) basculer;

∎ this chair leans back if you pull that lever on peut incliner ou faire basculer le siège en poussant ce levier

➲ lean forward

1 separable transitive verb

pencher en avant

2 intransitive verb

se pencher en avant

➲ lean on, lean upon inseparable transitive verb

(a) (depend) s'appuyer sur;

∎ to lean on sb's advice compter sur les conseils de qn;

∎ she leans heavily on her family for financial support financièrement, elle dépend beaucoup de sa famille

(b) British familiar (pressurize) faire pression sur^□ ;

∎ they leaned on him for more information ils ont fait pression sur lui pour qu'il parle;

∎ they kept leaning on him until they got him to agree ils ne l'ont pas lâché avant qu'il ait dit oui

➲ lean out

1 separable transitive verb

pencher au dehors;

∎ he leaned his head out of the window il a passé la tête par la fenêtre

2 intransitive verb

se pencher au dehors;

∎ don't lean out of the window! ne te penche pas par la fenêtre!;

∎ do not lean out of the window (sign) interdiction de se pencher au dehors

➲ lean over intransitive verb

(person) se pencher en avant; (tree, wall) pencher, être penché;

∎ he leaned over to speak to me il s'est penché vers moi pour me parler;

∎ to lean over backwards se pencher en arrière; figurative remuer ciel et terre, se mettre en quatre

➲ lean towards inseparable transitive verb

(tend) pencher pour;

∎ I rather lean towards the view that we should sell je pencherais plutôt pour la vente, j'ai tendance à penser que nous devrions vendre;

∎ I think I'm leaning towards the opinion that you were right after all je commence à penser qu'en fin de compte tu avais raison;

∎ politically she leans towards the right politiquement, elle se situe plutôt à droite

1) mager; hager [Person, Gesicht]

2) (Commerc.) schlank

(meat) Magere, das

leaned or (Brit.) leant

1) sich beugen

2) (support oneself)

3) (be supported) lehnen ( against an + Dat.)

4) (fig.): (rely)

5) (stand obliquely) sich neigen

6) (fig.): (tend)

leaned or (Brit.) leant lehnen ( against gegen od. an + Akk.)

- academic.ru/88674/lean_over">lean over

* * *

1) (to slope over to one side; not to be upright: The lamp-post had slipped and was leaning across the road.) sich neigen

2) (to rest (against, on): She leaned the ladder against the wall; Don't lean your elbows on the table; He leant on the gate.) lehnen

•

- leaning

1) (thin; not fat: a tall, lean man.) mager

2) (not containing much fat: lean meat.) mager

3) (poor; not producing much: a lean harvest.) mager

•

- leanness

* * *

I. adj

1. animal mager; person schlank, schmal

2. meat mager

3. (of period of time) mager, dürftig

4. ( approv: of organization) schlank fig; (efficient) effizient

\lean company schlanke Firma

5. (of fuel) mager

II. n no pl Magere(s) nt, mageres Fleisch

I. vi

<leant or AM usu leaned, leant or AM usu leaned>

1. (incline) sich akk beugen; (prop) sich akk lehnen

she \leaned back in her chair sie lehnte sich im Sessel zurück

to \lean to the left/right sich akk nach links/rechts lehnen

▪ to \lean against sth sich akk an [o gegen] etw akk lehnen

▪ to \lean forward sich akk nach vorne lehnen

▪ to \lean on sb/sth sich akk an jdn/etw [an]lehnen

to \lean out of a window sich akk aus einem Fenster [hinaus]lehnen

2. ( fig: opinion) neigen

I \lean towards the view that... ich neige zur Ansicht, dass...

some of his family \lean towards communism einige seiner Familienangehörigen tendieren zum Kommunismus

to \lean to the left/right nach links/rechts tendieren

II. vt

<leant or AM usu leaned, leant or AM usu leaned>

▪ to \lean sth against/on sth etw an [o gegen] /auf etw akk lehnen

* * *

1. adj (+er)

1) (= thin) mager, dünn; face, person schmal; (through lack of food) hager; (= fatless) meat mager

2) (= poor) year, times, harvest mager

3) (COMM) schlank

2. n

1. n

2. vt

1) (= put in sloping position) lehnen (against gegen, an +acc)

2) (= rest) aufstützen (on auf +dat or acc)

3. vi

1) (= be off vertical) sich neigen (to nach); (trees) sich biegen

2) (= rest) sich lehnen

3)

* * *

lean¹ [liːn]

A v/i prät und pperf leaned [liːnd; Br besonders lent], besonders Br leant [lent]

1. sich neigen, schief sein oder stehen

2. sich neigen, sich lehnen, sich beugen ( alle:

over über akk):

lean back sich zurücklehnen;

lean forward sich vorbeugen;

lean out sich hinauslehnen (of aus);

lean over backward(s) (to do sth) umg sich fast umbringen(, etwas zu tun)

3. sich lehnen ( against an akk, gegen)

4. lehnen ( against an dat)

5. lean on

a) sich stützen auf (akk),

b) fig sich verlassen auf (akk), bauen auf (akk),

c) umg jemanden unter Druck setzen:

lean heavily on fig sich stark anlehnen an (akk)

6. lean to(ward[s]) fig (hin)neigen oder tendieren zu

B v/t

1. neigen, beugen

2. lehnen ( against gegen, an akk)

3. stützen (on auf akk)

C s Neigung f:

a lean of 60°

lean² [liːn]

A adj (adv leanly)

1. auch fig mager (Fleisch, Löhne etc):

a lean face ein hageres oder mageres Gesicht;

a) völlig abgemagert,

b) spindeldürr;

lean in ( oder on) fig arm an (dat)

2. fig prägnant, knapp (Prosa etc):

lean management WIRTSCH Lean Management n, schmale Organisation;

lean production WIRTSCH Lean Production f, schlanke Fertigung

3. TECH mager, arm:

lean coal Magerkohle f;

lean concrete Magerbeton m;

lean gas Arm-, Schwachgas n;

lean mixture mageres oder armes Gemisch

B s (das) Magere (des Fleisches)

* * *

1) mager; hager [Person, Gesicht]

2) (Commerc.) schlank

(meat) Magere, das

leaned or (Brit.) leant

1) sich beugen

2) (support oneself)

3) (be supported) lehnen ( against an + Dat.)

4) (fig.): (rely)

5) (stand obliquely) sich neigen

6) (fig.): (tend)

leaned or (Brit.) leant lehnen ( against gegen od. an + Akk.)

- lean over

* * *

hager adj.

knapp adj.

mager adj. v.

= lehnen v.

1. lean [li:n] adj

1) animal mager; person schlank, schmal

2) meat mager

3) ( of period of time) mager, dürftig;

4) (approv: of organization) schlank ( fig) ( efficient) effizient;

\lean company schlanke Firma

5) ( of fuel) mager n

no pl Magere nt, mageres Fleisch

2. lean [li:n] vi < leant or ( Am usu) leaned, leant or ( Am usu) leaned>

1) ( incline) sich akk beugen;

( prop) sich akk lehnen;

she \leaned back in her chair sie lehnte sich im Sessel zurück;

to \lean to the left/ right sich akk nach links/rechts lehnen;

to \lean against sth sich akk an [o gegen] etw akk lehnen;

to \lean forward sich akk nach vorne lehnen;

to \lean on sb/ sth sich akk an jdn/etw [an]lehnen;

to \lean out of a window sich akk aus einem Fenster [hinaus]lehnen;

2) (fig: opinion) neigen;

I \lean towards the view that... ich neige zur Ansicht, dass...;

some of his family \lean towards communism einige seiner Familienangehörigen tendieren zum Kommunismus;

to \lean to the left/ right nach links/rechts tendieren vt < leant or ( Am usu) leaned, leant or ( Am usu) leaned>

to \lean sth against/ on sth etw an [o gegen] /auf etw akk lehnen

1 to lean, to rest.

apoya la cabeza en mi hombro rest your head on my shoulder

apoyó la bicicleta contra la pared she leant the bicycle against the wall

Ricardo apoya su cabeza sobre la silla Richard leans his head on the chair.

2 to support.

lo apoyó mucho durante su depresión she gave him a lot of support when he was depressed

3 to back up, to stand up for, to advocate, to endorse.

Ella apoya los proyectos ecológicos She backs up ecological projects.

4 to prop, to uphold, to backstop.

Ella apoyó las vigas en la pared She propped the beams on the wall.

* * *

► verbo transitivo

1 to lean, rest

■ apoyar la cabeza to rest one's head

2 (fundar) to base, found

■ apoya su teoría en pruebas concluyentes he bases his theory on hard evidence

3 figurado (defender algo) to support; (defender a alguien) to back, support

■ sus padres le apoyan en todo her parents support everything she does

► verbo pronominal apoyarse

1 (descansar) to lean (en, on), rest (en, on), stand (en, on)

■ la estatua se apoya en un pilar the statue stands on a column

■ apóyate en mí lean on me

■ se apoya demasiado en sus padres he relies too much on his parents

2 (dar el brazo) to hold on (en, to)

3 figurado (basarse) to be based (en, on)

■ ¿en qué te apoyas para decir eso? what do you base your arguments on?

* * *

1) to support, back

2) rest, lean

•

- apoyarse

* * *

1. VT

1) (=reclinar) to rest, lean

2) (=ayudar) to support

3) (=basar) to base

4) (=secundar) [+ propuesta, idea] to support

5) (Arquit, Téc) to support

apoyarse

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) ( hacer descansar) to rest

2)

a) ( respaldar) <propuesta/persona> to back, support

b) < teoría> to support, bear out

apoyarse v pron

1) (para sostenerse, descansar)

2) (basarse, fundarse)

* * *

= back, boost, endorse, espouse, give + support, give + weight to, lend + weight to, offer + support, support, sustain, align + Reflexivo + with, prop, buttress, lend + support, undergird, bolster, add + weight to, add + Posesivo + weight to, buy into, shore up, back into, second, ditto, stand by, rally (a)round, rally behind, plump for, forward, back + Nombre + up.

Ex. Co-operative, carefully planned and financed internationally backed efforts have been the keynote of more recent activity.

Ex. If the title is selected by a book club this helps boost the print-run and overall sales.

Ex. These rules follow a general trend in filing practices in endorsing the 'file-as-is' principle outlined below.

Ex. Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.

Ex. If support for quality cataloging is not going to be given, I think we should give it up entirely.

Ex. The resulting compromise in the overall design principles followed is, therefore, likely to give greater weight to these conventional needs.

Ex. They can bring into relief differing conditions in member countries and they often lend weight to arguments for or against various policy options.

Ex. I have many people to acknowledge, beginning with my co-editor who offered untiring support and many useful suggestions in putting together the institutes.

Ex. In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.

Ex. Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.

Ex. This article argues that fiction is an area of stock development which would readily achieve the goals of development with which public librarians have aligned themselves.

Ex. The type cases were propped up for use on a timber frame at a convenient working height.

Ex. Authors were often buttressed in their novel writing by other pieces of freelance writing.

Ex. The librarian who lends support to those who criticize the organization which employs him is likely also to find his position difficult.

Ex. Both libraries sought to undergird their partnership essential to a central role in collegiate education.

Ex. Bibliometric studies used to bolster the subjective opinions of librarians are not always useful for specialized areas.

Ex. Measurement of library activities can provide the evidence to erase misconceptions and add weight to those aspects of service that present a more powerful image = La medición de las actividades bibliotecarias puede proporcionar las pruebas necesarias para erradicar falsas ideas y apoyar aquellos aspectos del servicio que presentan una mejor imagen de la biblioteca.

Ex. But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.

Ex. The vendor, like the academic librarian it services, it must buy into the mission of the academic institution.

Ex. This project seeks to return control of scholarly publications to the academy and to shore up the case for publication of genuine scholarly works.

Ex. To the best of my knowledge, most of the big research libraries backed into the world of media = Según mi opinión, la mayoría de las bibliotecas académicas apostaron por adquirir todo tipo de soporte.

Ex. Most of the proposals for establishing gender studies were seconded.

Ex. I received mine yesterday and I'll ditto the fact that they look very professional.

Ex. It's hard to believe she stands by a man who gets his kicks out of beating her black and blue everynight.

Ex. I recalled how bereft we felt when we lost our son and how friends and neighbours rallied round and offered a shoulder to cry on.

Ex. The second group, who rallied behind McCarthy, was composed of students and intellectuals who were vociferous against the war.

Ex. There is some discussion as to what RSS stands for, but the majority plump for 'Really Simple Syndication'.

Ex. In order to forward the mission of the University, specific programs will be targeted for growth, consolidation, and possible elimination.

Ex. Often they use rather fancy words, such as 'theoretical models' or 'constructs' or 'paradigms' to describe what are, very frequently, no more than hypothetical ideas or categorisations which have little empirical evidence to back them up.

----

* apoyar Algo completamente = put + Posesivo + muscle behind + Nombre.

* apoyar de nuevo = reendorse.

* apoyar en = lean against.

* apoyar la idea = endorse + the idea.

* apoyar la necesidad de = endorse + the need (for/to).

* apoyar + Posesivo + argumento = support + Posesivo + case, buttress + Posesivo + case.

* apoyarse en = lean on/upon, inform.

* apoyarse sobre = rest on/upon.

* apoyar una causa = forward + cause, support + cause.

* apoyar una idea = favour + idea.

* apoyar una opinión = support + contention.

* apoyar un argumento = support + contention.

* apoyar una tesis = give + weight to the claim that.

* persona que apoya una moción o propuesta = seconder.

* que apoya moralmente = supportive.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) ( hacer descansar) to rest

2)

a) ( respaldar) <propuesta/persona> to back, support

b) < teoría> to support, bear out

apoyarse v pron

1) (para sostenerse, descansar)

2) (basarse, fundarse)

* * *

* * *

apoyar [A1 ]

A (hacer descansar) to rest

apoya la escalera contra la pared lean o rest the ladder against the wall

con la cabeza apoyada en su hombro with her head resting on his shoulder

no se debe apoyar los codos sobre la mesa you mustn't put o rest your elbows on the table

hay que apoyar todo el peso del cuerpo sobre una pierna you have to put all your weight on one foot

1 (respaldar) ‹propuesta/persona› to back, support

¿me vas a apoyar si me quejo? are you going to back me (up) o support me if I complain?

no apoyamos la huelga we do not support the strike

nadie la apoyó en su iniciativa no one backed o supported her initiative

apoyar técnica y financieramente su desarrollo to give technical and financial support o backing for its development

2 ‹teoría› to support, bear out

no hay pruebas que apoyen esta hipótesis there is no evidence to bear out o support this hypothesis

A (para sostenerse, descansar) apoyarse EN algo to lean ON sth

caminaba lentamente apoyándose en un bastón she walked slowly, leaning on a walking stick o using a walking stick for support

se apoya demasiado en su familia he relies too much on his family (for support), he leans too heavily on his family

B (basarse, fundarse) apoyarse EN algo to be based ON sth

se apoyó en estas cifras para defender su teoría he used these figures to defend his theory

¿en qué se apoya para hacer semejante acusación? what are you basing your accusation on?, what is the basis of your accusation?

* * *

◊ apóyalo contra la pared lean it against the wall

a) ( respaldar) ‹propuesta/persona› to back, support

b) ‹ teoría› to support, bear out

* * *

♦ vt

1. [inclinar] to lean, to rest;

apoya la cabeza en mi hombro rest your head on my shoulder;

apoyó la bicicleta contra la pared she leant the bicycle against the wall;

apoyó los codos sobre la mesa he leant his elbows on the table

2. [respaldar] to support;

todos apoyaron su decisión everyone supported her decision;

lo apoyó mucho durante su depresión she gave him a lot of support when he was depressed;

los directivos los apoyaron en su protesta management supported their protest

3. [basar] to base;

apoya su teoría en datos concretos her theory is based on o supported by concrete statistics

♦ See also the pronominal verb apoyarse

* * *

1 lean (en against), rest (en against)

2 ( respaldar, confirmar) support

* * *

apoyar vt

1) : to support, to back

2) : to lean, to rest

♦ See also the reflexive verb apoyarse

* * *

apoyar vb

1. (en general) to lean [pt. & pp. leant]

2. (descansar) to rest

3. (defender) to support

1 to bend.

inclinar la balanza a favor de (figurative) to tip the balance in favor of

2 to tilt, to slant, to incline, to tip.

Tito movió hacia un lado la máquina Tito tilted the machine.

* * *

► verbo transitivo

1 (ladear) to tilt

■ inclina un poco más la jarra tilt the jug a bit more

■ con el plato inclinado hacia ti with the plate tilted towards you

2 figurado (persuadir) to dispose, move

► verbo pronominal inclinarse

1 (doblarse) to bend, lean; (como saludo) to bow

■ este árbol se inclina hacia la derecha this tree leans towards the right

■ se inclinó ante la primera dama she bowed to the First Lady

■ inclinado sobre el cadáver leaning over the body

2 inclinarse a figurado (propender a) to incline to, incline towards

■ me inclino a pensar que nos ha engañado I am inclined to think that he has cheated us

3 inclinarse por (escoger) to choose, opt for

■ se inclinaron por el candidato más joven they opted for the youngest candidate

\

inclinar la cabeza to bow

* * *

1) to incline

2) tilt

•

- inclinarse

* * *

1. VT

1) (=ladear) [+ objeto vertical] to tilt, lean

2) [+ cabeza] to lean

3) (=resolver) [+ balanza] to tip

4) (=predisponer) to incline

5) (=decidir)

inclinarse

* * *

verbo transitivo

1)

a) <botella/sombrilla/plato> to tilt

b) (bajar, doblar) to bow

2) (inducir, predisponer) < persona>

inclinarse v pron

1) ( tender)

2)

a) ( doblarse) to bend; ( en señal de respeto) to bow

b) (hacia adelante, hacia un lado) to lean

* * *

= tilt, tilt + at an angle, incline, pitch.

Ex. Manufacturers have produced screens which can be tilted and moved from side to side, together with detachable keyboards which can be placed in the most comfortable position.

Ex. Bottom shelves which are tilted at an angle make it easier to see the books' spines.

Ex. She inclined her head toward a chair by her desk = Inclinó la cabeza en la dirección de la silla que había junto a su escritorio.

Ex. While some retractable awnings can be used during a light rain if they are pitched sufficiently to shed the water, most are not designed for use in inclement weather.

----

* inclinarse = lean over, lean forward, lurch, bow, bend down, bend over.

* inclinarse a = be inclined to.

* inclinarse ante las circunstancias = accept + the circumstances.

* inclinarse hacia delante = tip forward.

* inclinarse por = gravitate to(wards), lean toward.

* inclinarse sobre = lean toward.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1)

a) <botella/sombrilla/plato> to tilt

b) (bajar, doblar) to bow

2) (inducir, predisponer) < persona>

inclinarse v pron

1) ( tender)

2)

a) ( doblarse) to bend; ( en señal de respeto) to bow

b) (hacia adelante, hacia un lado) to lean

* * *

* * *

inclinar [A1 ]

A ‹botella/sombrilla/plato› to tilt

árboles inclinados por el viento trees leaning over in o bowed by the wind

inclinó la cabeza en señal de asentimiento he nodded (his head) in agreement

inclinó la cabeza a un lado she tilted o leaned her head to one side

B (inducir, predisponer) ‹persona› inclinar a algn A + INF:

todo me inclina a pensar que no habrá cambios all this makes me inclined to think that things will not change

su testimonio inclinó al juez a revocar la sentencia his evidence disposed the judge to revoke the sentence ( frml)

A (tender) inclinarse A + INF to be inclined to + INF

me inclino a creer su versión I am inclined o I tend to believe her version

me inclino por el último candidato I'm inclined to go for the last interviewee

yo me inclinaría por la primera alternativa I would tend to favor the first alternative

1 (doblarse) to bend; (en señal de respeto) to bow

se inclinó ante el Rey he bowed to o before the King

me incliné para besarle la mano I bent (down) to kiss her hand

2 (hacia adelante, hacia un lado) to lean

se inclinó sobre la cuna she leaned over the cradle

inclinarse hacia adelante/atrás to lean forward/back

* * *

◊ inclinó la cabeza a un lado she tilted her head to one side;

◊ el viento inclinaba los árboles the wind bent the trees

◊ ello me inclina a pensar que … this inclines me to think that … (frml)

◊ me inclino por su candidato I'm inclined to go for your candidate;

◊ inclinarse ante algn to bow to sb;

* * *

♦ vt

1. [doblar] to bend;

inclinar la balanza a favor de to tip the balance in favour of

2. [cabeza] to bow;

inclinó la cabeza hacia un lado she tilted her head to one side

3. [influir]

el anuncio me inclinó a no invertir the advertisement made me inclined not to invest

♦ See also the pronominal verb inclinarse

* * *

I v/t

1 tilt;

inclinar la cabeza nod (one’s head)

me inclina a creer que … it makes me think that …

* * *

inclinar vt

: to tilt, to lean, to incline

inclinar la cabeza: to bow one's head

♦ See also the reflexive verb inclinarse

* * *

inclinar vb (cosa) to tilt / to tip [pt. & pp. tipped]

inclina la botella tilt the bottle

inclinar la cabeza (como saludo) to nod [pt. & pp. nodded] (como reverencia) to bow

against [ə'genst]

contre ⇒ 1 (a)-(c), 1 (e)-(h), 1 (l), 2 à l'encontre de ⇒ 1 (d) en prévision de ⇒ 1 (i) par rapport à ⇒ 1 (k) en échange de ⇒ 1 (l)

1 preposition

(a) (indicating position) contre;

∎ he leant his bike (up) against the wall il appuya son vélo contre le mur;

∎ she had her nose pressed against the window elle avait le nez écrasé au carreau;

∎ put the chairs (back) against the wall remettez les chaises contre le mur;

∎ he was standing with his back against the wall il était adossé contre le mur ou au mur

(b) (indicating impact) contre;

∎ I banged my knee against the chair je me suis cogné le genou contre la chaise;

∎ the shutter was banging against the window le volet claquait contre la fenêtre

(c) (in the opposite direction to → current, stream, grain) contre

(d) (contrary to → rules, principles) à l'encontre de;

∎ to go against a trend s'opposer à une ou aller à l'encontre d'une tendance;

∎ it's against the law c'est illégal ou contraire à la loi;

∎ it's against the law to steal le vol est interdit par la loi;

∎ there's no law against it il n'y a pas de loi qui s'y oppose;

∎ they sold the farm against my advice/wishes ils ont vendu la ferme sans tenir compte de mes conseils/de ce que je souhaitais

(e) (indicating opposition to → person, proposal, government) contre;

∎ the fight against inflation/crime la lutte contre l'inflation/la criminalité;

∎ to decide against sth décider de ne pas faire qch;

∎ to vote against sth voter contre qch;

∎ you're either for us or against us tu dois être avec nous ou contre nous;

∎ she's against telling him elle trouve qu'on ne devrait pas le lui dire;

∎ I advised her against going je lui ai déconseillé d'y aller;

∎ what have you got against him/the idea? qu'est-ce que vous avez contre lui/l'idée?;

∎ what have you got against going? pourquoi vous n'avez pas envie d'y aller?;

∎ to have nothing against sth ne rien avoir contre qch;

∎ I've nothing against it je n'ai rien contre

(f) (unfavourable to) contre;

∎ conditions were against them les conditions leur étaient défavorables;

∎ his appearance is against him son physique ne joue pas en sa faveur

(g) (in competition with) contre;

∎ Football United against Everton United contre Everton;

∎ Sport to run against sb courir contre qn; Politics se présenter contre qn;

∎ a race against time or the clock une course contre la montre

(h) (indicating defence, protection, precaution etc) contre;

∎ protected against the cold protégé contre le froid;

∎ an injection against measles une injection contre la rougeole;

∎ to insure against accidents (insurer) assurer contre les accidents; (client) s'assurer contre les accidents;

∎ to be insured against theft être assuré contre le vol;

∎ against all risks contre tous les risques

(i) formal (in preparation for) en vue de, en prévision de;

∎ to save money against one's retirement faire des économies en prévision de ou pour la retraite

(j) (in contrast to) contre, sur;

∎ to stand against the light être à contre-jour;

∎ the tall chimneys stood out against the sky les hautes cheminées se détachaient sur le ciel;

∎ yellow flowers against a green background des fleurs jaunes sur un fond vert;

∎ the red stood out against the grey le rouge contrastait avec le gris;

∎ figurative these events took place against a background of political violence ces événements ont eu lieu dans un climat de violence politique

(k) (in comparison to, in relation to) en comparaison de, par rapport à;

∎ to check sth against a list vérifier qch d'après une liste;

∎ they cost £10 here (as) against only £7 at the supermarket ils coûtent 10 livres ici contre ou au lieu de 7 livres au supermarché;

∎ Finance the dollar rose/fell against the yen le dollar a augmenté/baissé par rapport au yen;

∎ to plot the number of passengers against distance travelled (in graph) relever le nombre de voyageurs par rapport à la distance parcourue

(l) (in exchange for) contre, en échange de;

∎ to issue a ticket against payment of… remettre un ticket en contrepartie du paiement de...;

∎ cash is available against presentation of the voucher ce bon peut être échangé contre de l'argent

2 adverb

contre;

∎ are you for or against? êtes-vous pour ou contre?;

∎ the odds are 10 to 1 against (gen) il y a une chance sur dix; (in horseracing) la cote est à 10 contre 1